Pressure Ulcer Prevention

Pressure ulcers (otherwise known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers) usually occur where there are bony prominences or where soft tissue is compressed between bone and a surface. I would say a hard surface, but the surface doesn't have to be very hard, just constant.

When people are in bed much of the time, pressure ulcers can form at the tailbone, on the heels, on the hip bones, along the spine, and even on the elbows. When people sit a lot, pressure ulcers are often formed where those bones are that hurt when you sit too long. They are called "ischial tuberosities."

For prevention when in bed, it is good to have at least a thick (at least 4" thick) foam overlay on the mattress. Then it is also good to make sure the person doesn't lay in the same position too long. In the hospital or nursing home, turning every 2 hours is the rule of thumb for people who can't turn themselves, but that usually isn't very realistic at home. That is why the thick foam is important, or maybe even an alternating air mattress.

When in bed, heels are especially prone to pressure ulcers, but they can be prevented by keeping pillows under the legs, so the heels are not on the bed, or by using special foam boots that can be found at medical supply stores.

When sitting, it is again important not to stay in the same position too long. People even get pressure ulcers sitting in recliners! Encourage them to move around in the chair, if they can, or help them to do so. Also, encourage them to get up and walk, if they can.

People who spend long periods of time in a wheelchair should have a special cushion to distribute the pressure. Those can also be obtained at a medical supply store. But, even with a cushion, people should change position often.

Don't use donut cushions. They cut off circulation and create more risk for pressure ulcers.

Don't sit on pillows. They are not soft when compressed.

Encourage water drinking to keep skin well hydrated.

If a pressure ulcer starts, do everything to REMOVE THE PRESSURE until it heals. After all, they are caused by pressure, so the cause has to be removed for healing to take place.

Remember, preventing pressure ulcers is a lot less work than getting them healed after they occur!

I am here.
Sue Ellen